The exergy analysis is a proper method for performance evaluation of industrial systems. A generic and detailed analysis of the GPCSs on the second gas pipeline of Iran is made by the means of exergy. The two main improvement measures of fuel pre-heating and steam injection technologies are presented for the current conventional stations. Steady state equations regarding the second law of thermodynamics and the chemical and physical exergy analysis are presented as well. The results indicate that the improved cycle is a more energy saving one, with an overall efficiency and net output power. The exegetic efficiency of every gas turbine of the improved station is increased by 31% in average and their exergy destruction is decreased by 84%. The amount of Total exergy saving for the case study would be 552 MW. A higher overall efficiency can be achieved by an increase in both the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and steam mass flow (SMF).

This paper introduces an effective parameter for optimum design of integrated cryogenic NGL recovery plants. The process fluid pressure is an important factor which can affect the plant characteristics. A cryogenic liquid recovery plant was selected as a case study. The influence of different values of pressure drop in various equipments on the quality and quantity of the process outputs were analyzed. The results show that the product specification, quantity and operating costs of the plant are important parameters which a balance between them will determine the optimum pressure distribution in the process. The plant wide net profit can be used as an objective for obtaining the optimum pressure distribution. The products’ price and operating costs change due to economical and political situations. So the optimum pressure distribution in a process can be changed based on the plant wide net profit in various situations.

Induced Total pressure by flow, including mean and fluctuating components, around a selected chute block in SAF stilling basins downstream of an ogee spillway was studied. Several pressure holes were selected on various faces of a selected chute block to get enough information regarding the Total pressure field. This paper reports the results of an experimental work and measurement of mean and fluctuation pressures around chute blocks of SAF stilling basins. The observations showed that the maximum Total pressure varies inversely with Froude number of incoming flow while its position of occurrence follows a quadratic polynomial relationship. Statistical analysis also showed that the peak instantaneous pressure fluctuations could be as large as ±4.5 times the RMS value.It is concluded that pressure fluctuation around the chute blocks may double the magnitude of pressure field around the chute blocks and can not be overlooked in designing such appurtenances.

Leakage is one of the main problems of urban water distribution networks. Leakage control and management can play an important role in increasing network efficiency and reducing water loss. pressure reduction in water distribution networks is usually done using pressure reducing valve (PRV), while the energy dissipated from head loss can be recovered to generate hydropower. In this study, the possibility of using pump as turbines (PATs) instead of PRVs in a water distribution network has been investigated. Regarding this purpose, the genetic algorithm is used by MATLAB software, in which the hydraulic model of the water distribution network is carried out in WaterGEMS software. At first, the aim of optimization is to determine the optimum output of PRVs. Then after replacing the PRVs with the PATs, the optimal curve for the PATs can be determined. Results show that the use of PATs to control the pressure is effective, so that compared to the basic model, the leakage rate has decreased by about 33% and the Nodal pressure Reliability Index (NPRI) has increased by 0.41. Moreover, the nodal pressures have been significantly reduced, and the average pressure of the network decreased by 58%.

Background: Hypertension is a risk factor that may lead to development of Atherosclerosis (ATS). Recent studies have emphasizedon the importance of high blood pressure and cholesterol on cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to simultaneously examine factors that affect Total cholesterol (TC), systolic blood pressure (SBP) anddiastolic blood pressure (DBP) using the mixed response model. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised of 245 participants, hospitalized at Shahid Madani state hospital, Khorramabad-Irandiagnosed with ATS in fall and winter 2014. The method of sampling was convenience sampling and the participants were selectedthrough census of all the patients hospitalized in different cardiac wards, except for angiography. Results: Systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P = 0. 001), C-reactive protein (CRP)(P = 0. 021), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P = 0. 004), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0. 002). In addition, FBG (P=0. 002), CRP (P = 0. 011) and LDL-C (P = 0. 027) levels were significantly associated with DBP. It was revealed that age (P = 0. 016), smoking (P = 0. 010), triglyceride (TG) (P = 0. 001) and FBG (P = 0. 021) were significantly associated with TC. Conclusions: Cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent and there are many risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary to provideproper education on changing life style and preventing the disease.